Invoice Finance | TFG's 2024 Guide

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Invoice Finance | 2024 Guide

Last updated on 23 Aug 2024
24 Dec 2014 . 2 min read

The above Supply Chain Finance techniques have been defined by the Global Supply Chain Finance Forum (BAFT, EBA, FCI, ICC and ITFA)

Mark Abrams
Mark heads up the trade finance offering at TFG where his team focuses on bringing in alternative structured finance to international trading companies.

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Contents

    Welcome to TFG’s invoice finance hub. Find out how our team can help your company unlock working capital from domestic and international invoices, on both a recourse and non-recourse basis. Alternatively, learn more about the different types of invoice finance: discounting and factoring, through our latest research, information and insights, right here, in our invoice finance hub.

    What is invoice finance?

    Invoice finance is a common form of business finance where funds are advanced against unpaid invoices prior to customer payment. Invoice finance houses include banks, alternative investment providers and private lenders, used by businesses who trade both domestically and globally. There are two types of invoice financing methods; discounting and factoring. Invoice finance is a type of receivables finance (more info on receivables here).

    Diagram: How invoice finance (receivables purchase) works

    How can invoice finance benefit my business?

    • The invoice financier will sometimes take on the responsibility to look after your sales ledger which means the business owner can have more time to focus on the business
    • An invoice financier will conduct due diligence (including credit checks) on customers, which reduces the risk of not receiving funding
    • Invoice discounting can be done on a confidential arrangement, which means that your customers will not know that you’re using a finance house; this can help protect your reputation
    • Invoice finance allows you to maintain a good relationship with your customers, as you can fulfill larger orders on time without worrying about cash flow and working capital problems

    How can we help?

    The TFG’s invoice finance team work with the key decision-makers at 270+ banks, funds and alternative lenders globally, assisting companies in accessing factoring and discounting facilities.

    Our team are here to help you scale up to take advantage of both domestic and international opportunities. We have product specialists, from commodities to finished goods.

    Often the financing solution that is required can be complicated, and our job is to help you find the appropriate invoice finance solutions for your business.

    Read more about Trade Finance Global and our team.

    Want to learn more about invoice finance?

    You’ve come to the right place. Here you can find our latest features, research and trending articles in the world of invoice finance. Sit back, and catch up with the latest thought leadership and interviews from the TFG, listen to podcasts and digest the top stories in invoice finance right below.

    Get started – talk to our team

    Speak to our trade finance team



    Hub Articles

    Invoice Finance for SMEs

    How to use Invoice Financing for your Small Business

    Invoice factoring for small businesses is fairly straightforward. As an example, an end customer might not pay the £100,000 invoice issued to them for up to 90 days, but your company needs the funds in 2 weeks, in order to pay for business expenses and salaries.

    Read More

    Comparing Invoice Finance Providers

    How to use Invoice Financing for your Small Business

    Why should I compare invoice factoring or invoice discounting providers?

    There are several bank and non-bank providers of invoice finance, from large instutions to small alternative funders, each offering different propositions and solutions for customers.

    Read More

    Invoice Factoring versus Invoice Discounting

    What is the difference between invoice factoring and invoice discounting?

    Invoice factoring and invoice discounting are both types of asset backed finance aimed to help businesses release cash which are tied in invoices.

    Read More

    Recourse or Non-Recourse Factoring?

    What is the difference between recourse factoring and non recourse factoring?

    The industry defines the two forms of factoring by risk. Invoice finance is effectively a line of credit obtained on the value of your outstanding sales ledger. Here’s what happens if your debtors fail to pay the invoices after you have financed them.

    Read More

    Bill Discounting and Factoring

    What is the difference between recourse factoring and non recourse factoring?

    The industry defines the two forms of factoring by risk. Invoice finance is effectively a line of credit obtained on the value of your outstanding sales ledger. Here’s what happens if your debtors fail to pay the invoices after you have financed them.

    Read More

    Invoice Finance for SMEs

    How to use Invoice Financing for your Small Business

    Invoice factoring for small businesses is fairly straightforward. As an example, an end customer might not pay the £100,000 invoice issued to them for up to 90 days, but your company needs the funds in 2 weeks, in order to pay for business expenses and salaries.

    Read More

    FAQ

    What’s the difference between invoice discounting and invoice factoring?

    Invoice finance is a type of receivables finance, which includes factoring and discounting.

    Factoring is present when a business assigns their invoices to a third party and the factoring company has full visibility of the sales ledger and will collect the debts when due.

    • The customer has knowledge that the invoices have been factored. (This is the typical route a lot of funders offer, however – some can offer Confidential Factoring)
    • Factoring gives businesses up to 90% pre-payment against submitted invoices
    • This enables improved cashflow, and reduces the need to wait for payment
    • The company may receive their funds up to two days after invoices are sent out. Many factoring companies will offer to send money same day (TT Payment, usually carries a charge) or by BACS (Free)
    • A business can choose a ‘selective’ factoring or invoice discounting facility, dependent on the funder.

    Typically, with Invoice Discounting, the borrower will have more control over their ledger. Again – like factoring, there is the option to do this on a completely confidential basis.

    • Invoice discounting is an alternative way of drawing money against the invoices of a business
    • The business retains control over the administration of their sales ledger
    • Invoice discounting usually involves a company reconciling with their invoice financier monthly
    • With factoring – each individual invoice is uploaded – with Invoice Discounting, a bulk figure is uploaded and then drawn down against with the monthly reconciliations showing where money is allotted to
    • Under a selective facility a business can opt to factor (i.e. lend) or invoice discount just some of the submitted invoices
    • A selective facility is a good option if a business needs a certain amount of cashflow guaranteed each month or if one or two customers are good payers.

    The main difference between factoring and invoice discounting is that with factoring, a funder will have full visibility of your sales ledger and maintain this by chasing debts on your behalf. Invoice discounting on the other hand, allows you to keep your credit control in house but as we already discussed, it would require a monthly reconciliation with the invoice financier. Naturally, management fees for invoice discounting are usually a lot lower, however a company must demonstrate they have the correct procedures in place to support an Invoice Discounting facility.

    What is factoring?

    Factoring solutions offer the seller of a receivable a wider service than just the advance of funds to shorten its cash conversion cycle as the entity buying the receivable will also usually take on the responsibility of collecting the debt.

    Factoring can take several forms. For example, a factor may agree, subject to limits, to buy the whole of a seller’s receivables. This is known as whole turn-over factoring. Conversely, a factor may select which invoices he wishes to buy. It can be with or without recourse to the seller and may or may not be notified to the buyer or obligor.

    The vast majority of factoring is domestic and individual invoices are often of a low value. Cross-border factoring is possible using the two-factor system. One factor is in the buyer’s country (known as the ‘Import Factor’) and the other in the seller’s country (known as the ‘Export Factor’). The two Factors establish a contractual or correspondent relationship to service the buyer and the seller respectively under which the Import Factor in effect, guarantees the receipt of funds from the importer and remits payment to the Export Factor. Typically, the two factors use an established framework such as the General Rules for International Factoring (GRIF), provided by FCI. Read more about factoring here.

    What is invoice discounting?

    Invoice discounting solutions tend to focus on shortening a seller’s cash conversion cycle, as opposed to encompassing debt management and collection aspects. The degree of disclosure to the debtor under this type of facility varies, ranging from full disclosure to no-disclosure, depending on the level of comfort taken by the purchaser of the receivables over the nature and standing of the seller. In most cases, the greater the control the financing entity/purchaser of the receivables manages to attain over the process, the better the discounting conditions offered.

    An invoice discounting facility without disclosure to the debtor will grant the seller of the receivables full confidentiality, and therefore avoid reputational hazards. Most invoice discounting is without recourse to the seller so as to ensure de-recognition of the receivables from the seller’s balance sheet (so-called “true sale”) but recourse is normally retained for commercial dispute e.g. where the buyer refuses to pay because the goods or service are defective. Read more about invoice discounting here.

    How do interest rates work in invoice finance and how much is advanced?

    Rather than waiting 30 – 90 days, an invoice financier can pay for most of the invoice amount up front, and the interest rate is the amount charged for this service. Interest rates are often linked to base rates the bank will pay for borrowing money, such as the LIBOR, as well as a management fee.

    At first instance, invoice finance lenders can advance around 90% of the invoice amount value up front, whether that be through invoice discounting or factoring. Once the invoices are paid by the end customer, the borrower will be paid the remaining difference, excluding interest rate and management fees. Even if the company has existing finance arrangements such as an existing bank loan or overdraft, invoice discounting or factoring may still work for a business.

    Normally, a lender will analyse the business prior to implementing a factoring or invoice finance facility. They may audit the financial records of the business and list the approved customers, and the decision is down to legal and contractual implications such as security and existing lenders.

    What is the cost of an invoice finance facility?

    The company should always read the offer letter and look at all (including the following) costs:

    • Discount costs
    • Service or management fees (including the minimum service fee which is normally derived as a % of the service fee)
    • Audit charges
    • Re-factoring charges
    • Transactional costs
    • Notice period for ending service and associated fees
    • Annual service costs
    • Trust account costs
    • Additional costs for services such as credit protection

    What is needed for invoice finance?

    There are three parties involved directly in invoice finance:

    • the funder who advances money against the invoice or receivable
    • the business (or customer) who sends out the invoice
    • and the debtor who is required to pay for the invoice

    A brief explanation: The receivable, associated with the invoice for services or goods acts as an asset and provides the company the legal right to collect money from the debtor. A percentage of funds are then advanced against the value of the invoice.

    What’s the difference between invoice discounting and invoice factoring?

    Invoice finance is a type of receivables finance, which includes factoring and discounting.

    Factoring is present when a business assigns their invoices to a third party and the factoring company has full visibility of the sales ledger and will collect the debts when due.

    • The customer has knowledge that the invoices have been factored. (This is the typical route a lot of funders offer, however – some can offer Confidential Factoring)
    • Factoring gives businesses up to 90% pre-payment against submitted invoices
    • This enables improved cashflow, and reduces the need to wait for payment
    • The company may receive their funds up to two days after invoices are sent out. Many factoring companies will offer to send money same day (TT Payment, usually carries a charge) or by BACS (Free)
    • A business can choose a ‘selective’ factoring or invoice discounting facility, dependent on the funder.

    Typically, with Invoice Discounting, the borrower will have more control over their ledger. Again – like factoring, there is the option to do this on a completely confidential basis.

    • Invoice discounting is an alternative way of drawing money against the invoices of a business
    • The business retains control over the administration of their sales ledger
    • Invoice discounting usually involves a company reconciling with their invoice financier monthly
    • With factoring – each individual invoice is uploaded – with Invoice Discounting, a bulk figure is uploaded and then drawn down against with the monthly reconciliations showing where money is allotted to
    • Under a selective facility a business can opt to factor (i.e. lend) or invoice discount just some of the submitted invoices
    • A selective facility is a good option if a business needs a certain amount of cashflow guaranteed each month or if one or two customers are good payers.

    The main difference between factoring and invoice discounting is that with factoring, a funder will have full visibility of your sales ledger and maintain this by chasing debts on your behalf. Invoice discounting on the other hand, allows you to keep your credit control in house but as we already discussed, it would require a monthly reconciliation with the invoice financier. Naturally, management fees for invoice discounting are usually a lot lower, however a company must demonstrate they have the correct procedures in place to support an Invoice Discounting facility.

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